以上三字,請問,講到國家壓制人民的言論自由時,應該要用哪個字?
這幾天在寫有關壓制言論自由的文章,腦子裡第一個跑出來的字是suppression。寫著寫著,覺得不應該只用一個字,那麼,repression或oppression也可以嗎?
於是開始查字典:(以下來自Longman字典的解釋)
oppression: when someone treats a group of people unfairly or cruelly and prevents them from having the same rights as other people have
suppression: 1. to stop people from opposing the government, especially by using force;2. if important information or opinions are suppressed, people are prevented from knowing about them, even if they have a right to know;3. to stop yourself from showing your feelings; 4. to prevent something from growing or developing, or from working effectively
repression:when someone does not allow themselves to express feelings or desires which they are ashamed of, especially sexual ones - used when you think someone should express these feelings
這個區別更模糊:(因為英文一大段貼上來太長了,所以有興趣的人自己再連過去看就好了)
http://www.worldproutassembly.org/archives/2008/01/suppression_rep_1.html
這樣看來,好像repression比較用在情緒的壓抑上,尤其性壓抑(不過suppression也可以用啊)。oppression是一個團體裡面,其中一部份人遭受不平等的待遇。suppression,可以用在政府壓制人民的反抗(人民有反,政府有壓)。不過上面那個連結提到,政府不准民眾批評,也可用repression。
那請問抑制言論自由,到底要用哪個字?(oppression似可先刪去)還是repression跟suppression替換用也沒差?
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"Free speech"+
1. suppress
622,000
2. oppress
727,000
3. repress
102,000
不過第一我懷疑就算是美國人,會這麼精確地區分嗎?
第二,妳自己要寫的東西是政府「壓抑」言論自由,還是「剝奪」言論自由呢?我有的時候碰到像你這樣不知如何三選一的時候,會反過來問自己,我要說的真的是中文的這個意思嗎?
不過這也只是我隨便亂想而已。
1. to put a stop to (something) by the use of force<quickly repressed the rebellion in the city and restored order>
Oppress
1b: to crush or burden by abuse of power or authority
Suppress
1: to put down by authority or force : subdue <suppress a riot>
說老實話,這真的要問外國人....
另外,妳並沒有說錯啊,妳是說「壓抑」沒錯,
是我自己在想妳說的情形究竟是壓抑還是剝奪而已。
某一事件的發生(例, 制定某法令)壓抑人民言論自由時用
suppress
指稱一個國家一直一來都沒有給予人民言論自由的這種情況時(人民從來沒擁有言論自由過)則用 oppress
repress是比較心裡層次的用法
通常我看到的是suppression of free speech
而oppression 則是看到用在公司多數股東壓抑少數股東而少數股東提起oppression suit
repress 用在情緒或心裡方面
oppression is from the above
repression is from below
這就是我知道的大概拉
剛剛問了大學念政治的本地朋友,他說suppression是比較中性的字眼,repression比較常用在心理,例如小時候的感情受到壓抑之類的,oppression可用在政府的壓制。但是這只是很大概的分類。如果說到中國人從1949,或是從更久以前,就沒有言論自由的話,那麼就很難講要用哪一個字了。
結論是,朋友也說他也要回去再研究。那就讓我們靜待native speaker的見解吧~ *我也再問問其他人的看法*
不過今天讀到一篇paper,倒是有這樣用的。這篇是說到政府對於言論管制的鬆緊,有週期循環:
"Freedom of expression in the United States may well run in two almost parallel cycles. History shows that repressive cycles, which Fredrick Seaton Siebert discussed, are generally followed by reactive cycles in which freedom of expression expands. The question of how these cycles develop and relate to one another is discussed in the essay below. Also examined is the question of why the periods of repression of expression are better remembered than the times when freedom of expression expanded. The basic issue involved is best summarized in the question: 'Why can't we ever learn?' "(7 Comm. L. & Pol'y 347)
所以我在想,搞不好美國人對這三個字真的沒有分得那麼清楚。
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